Intrinsic Alignment in redMaPPer clusters -- II. Radial alignment of satellites toward cluster centers

We study the orientations of satellite galaxies in redMaPPer clusters constructed from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey at $0.1<z<0.35$ to determine whether there is any preferential tendency for satellites to point radially toward cluster centers. We analyze the satellite alignment (SA) signal based on three shape measurement methods (re-Gaussianization, de Vaucouleurs, and isophotal shapes), which trace galaxy light profiles at different radii. The measured SA signal depends on these shape measurement methods. We detect the strongest SA signal in isophotal shapes, followed by de Vaucouleurs shapes. While no net SA signal is detected using re-Gaussianization shapes across the entire sample, the observed SA signal reaches a statistically significant level when limiting to a subsample of higher luminosity satellites. We further investigate the impact of noise, systematics, and real physical isophotal twisting effects in the comparison between the SA signal detected via different shape measurement methods. Unlike previous studies, which only consider the dependence of SA on a few parameters, here we explore a total of 17 galaxy and cluster properties, using a statistical model averaging technique to naturally account for parameter correlations and identify significant SA predictors. We find that the measured SA signal is strongest for satellites with the following characteristics: higher luminosity, smaller distance to the cluster center, rounder in shape, higher bulge fraction, and distributed preferentially along the major axis directions of their centrals. Finally, we provide physical explanations for the identified dependences, and discuss the connection to theories of SA.Comment: 25 pages, 16 figures, 7 tables, accepted to MNRAS. Main statistical analysis tool changed, with the results remain simila

Dual-targeted drug design of HER2 and HSP90 by CoMFA model and pharmacophore analysis

[[abstract]]Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 protein (HER2) are involved in several signal pathways for cancer cell proliferation. We focused on these two hallmarkers to design the dual-targeted inhibitors for cancer therapy. The comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and pharmacophore analysis were employed for generating the predictive models. According the leave-one out (LOO) cross-validation, the CoMFA models obtained the significant r2 values of 0.978 and 0.974 for HSP90 and HER2, respectively. The contour maps of both targets indicated that there were amount of similar bulky favors area. Besides, the cost difference of pharmacophore models was 48.539 for 70% correlation with the experiment. The queries at 3-N and 6-N position of purine-based compound had the similar distributions. This study provided important information for design the HER2 and HSP90 dual-targeted inhibitors ©2009 IEEE

What is the key point for designing HER2 inhibitors?

[[abstract]]HER2 over-expression associates with many cancer symptoms, and the HER2 protein kinase was regarded as the target for cancer treatment. To develop the novel potent leads, homology modeling and structure-based design were employed to this research. Three clinical trail drugs and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) database were employed to perform the docking. The top 7 compounds from database with higher DockScore were selected to develop 210 virtual compounds by De novo evolution, and the 210 derivative compounds were further conform the Lipinski's Rule (rule of five) to ensure the rational in real condition. In the docking result of serial selection, CLC015-5, CLC015-11, CLC015-12, CLC604-11, and CLC604-18 presented the pi-stacking interaction and hydrogen bond interaction with the key residues, and had higher DockScore than clinical trail drugs and original compounds. These five selected compounds were suggested the potent ATP-binding inhibitors and might guide for further drug design. ©2009 IEEE

CFD Analysis of Oil Distribution in Oil-injected Screw Compressor

Oil-injected screw compressor has been used in various industries. After decades of continuous research efforts by research teams around the world, the computer tools for rotor profile design, thermodynamic analysis, CFD/CAE calculation, and moving grid generation have been well developed and widely employed in design works. With assistance from the computer tools in performance simulation, designers could clearly understand internal phenomena of a screw compressor, as a reference for performance optimization design, and systematically carry out research works. One important issue inside an oil-injected screw compressor is about oil distribution. Different oil-injected positions and quantities cause different oil distribution inside the compressor. Therefore, the effects of oil sealing and lubrication change. Designers must understand how oil distribution is to deal with oil issues. In this study, CFD analysis was done with dynamic grid technology. Basic performance of screw compressor was calculated and compared with experiment data. Besides, three CFD models with different oil-injected paths were designed and analyzed. The influence of varying oil-injected conditions on oil distribution near contact line, sealing lines, blow holes, and end sides of inlet and outlet are shown in this study. They are used to explain how volumetric efficiency is affected. Especially for oil distribution near contact line, it not only affects volumetric efficiency, but also acts on the lubrication as rotor meshing

Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics to the Lubrication Study of an Oil-injected Screw Compressor

Computational fluid dynamics and mesh generation tools have been well developed, and could be used to calculate the performance of an oil-injected screw compressor. Designers could now effectively obtain reliable results of efficiency, temperature, force and torque. Some physical phenomena inside a screw compressor are not easy to be observed through experiments, such as the oil distribution and the oil film thickness on the rotor surface. Under the ideal lubrication condition, the oil film of proper thickness should be maintained on the local surfaces which are going to contact with each other. This could be numerically explored by computational fluid dynamics. The first case in this study showed the effect of centrifugal force on a thin free surface flow on the rotor surface. Designers could graphically understand how the oil film flows on the rotor surface when rotors separately rotate without meshing with each other and doing the compression work. The second case in this study was the rotor lubrication. The clearance distribution between rotors in the actual contact area was designed by the minimum film thickness and was 1 μm. The pressure gradient on the rotor surface was used to see if the hydrodynamic pressure appeared. Designers could optimize the design of oil injection not only by considering efficiencies, but also by analyzing the pressure gradient and the oil film distribution on rotor surfaces

Malignant phyllodes tumors display mesenchymal stem cell features and aldehyde dehydrogenase/disialoganglioside identify their tumor stem cells.

IntroductionAlthough breast phyllodes tumors are rare, there is no effective therapy other than surgery. Little is known about their tumor biology. A malignant phyllodes tumor contains heterologous stromal elements, and can transform into rhabdomyosarcoma, liposarcoma and osteosarcoma. These versatile properties prompted us to explore their possible relationship to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and to search for the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in phyllodes tumors.MethodsParaffin sections of malignant phyllodes tumors were examined for various markers by immunohistochemical staining. Xenografts of human primary phyllodes tumors were established by injecting freshly isolated tumor cells into the mammary fat pad of non-obese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficient (NOD-SCID) mice. To search for CSCs, xenografted tumor cells were sorted into various subpopulations by flow cytometry and examined for their in vitro mammosphere forming capacity, in vivo tumorigenicity in NOD-SCID mice and their ability to undergo differentiation.ResultsImmunohistochemical analysis revealed the expression of the following 10 markers: CD44, CD29, CD106, CD166, CD105, CD90, disialoganglioside (GD2), CD117, Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH), and Oct-4, and 7 clinically relevant markers (CD10, CD34, p53, p63, Ki-67, Bcl-2, vimentin, and Globo H) in all 51 malignant phyllodes tumors examined, albeit to different extents. Four xenografts were successfully established from human primary phyllodes tumors. In vitro, ALDH+ cells sorted from xenografts displayed approximately 10-fold greater mammosphere-forming capacity than ALDH- cells. GD2+ cells showed a 3.9-fold greater capacity than GD2- cells. ALDH+/GD2+cells displayed 12.8-fold greater mammosphere forming ability than ALDH-/GD2- cells. In vivo, the tumor-initiating frequency of ALDH+/GD2+ cells were up to 33-fold higher than that of ALDH+ cells, with as few as 50 ALDH+/GD2+ cells being sufficient for engraftment. Moreover, we provided the first evidence for the induction of ALDH+/GD2+ cells to differentiate into neural cells of various lineages, along with the observation of neural differentiation in clinical specimens and xenografts of malignant phyllodes tumors. ALDH+ or ALDH+/GD2+ cells could also be induced to differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes or chondrocytes.ConclusionsOur findings revealed that malignant phyllodes tumors possessed many characteristics of MSC, and their CSCs were enriched in ALDH+ and ALDH+/GD2+ subpopulations

A Comparison of Thermal Deformation of Scroll Profiles inside Oil-free Scroll Vacuum Pump and Compressor via CAE/CFD Analysis

Scroll machine is simply constructed by fixed and orbit scrolls, rotary shaft, and some mechanical components. It can impressively operate at low noise level with high reliability and high efficiency. Scroll machine achieves oil-free application through reasonable clearance control, cooling solution, and the tip seal application, and has been designed and applied as vacuum pump or compressor. In order to compactly design structure and optimize the gaps or clearances of a scroll machine, the issue of heat deformation must be considered. Deformation inside a scroll machine is not easy to be discovered, but is the necessary information for scroll profile design. In this study, the internal flow fields of oil-free scroll vacuum pump and compressor are obtained by CFD analysis. Based on the results of flow fields, this study shows the basic performance of a scroll machine, including loading on structures, gas torque, volume flow rate, and the pulsation of outlet pressure. The fluid phenomena under sub-atmospheric and positive pressure are quite different. The difference would cause different heat transfer and heat deformation. Therefore, the fluid-thermal-solid coupling analysis is also carried out. The temperature distribution of scroll structures, the thermal deformation, and gap changes are also discussed in this study